In "A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century," Barbara W. Tuchman depicts a period marked by the incompetence of two key rulers whose personal issues severely hindered their leadership. One sovereign struggled with alcoholism, while the other faced mental instability, creating a power vacuum and ineffective governance.

This dual incapacity led to dire consequences, as the rulers could not provide the stability and direction necessary for their realm. Their lives were filled with chaos; Charles's mind was increasingly clouded by madness, and Wenceslas consistently succumbed to drunkenness. This scenario exemplifies how personal flaws in leadership can have far-reaching impacts on a kingdom.