In "The Revenge of Geography," Robert D. Kaplan discusses how geographical factors shape human behavior, politics, and history. He argues that understanding geography is crucial for anticipating conflicts and economic outcomes. The map is not just a static representation; it influences strategies and decisions made by nations and leaders. Kaplan contrasts fatalism with the idea that geography provides a framework, or "panacea," for solving complex geopolitical issues, emphasizing the need to grasp its impact on global affairs. Kaplan identifies various anomalies that arise from the interplay of geography and politics. Such anomalies highlight the unpredictable nature of human interactions shaped by their environments. He suggests that while geography can offer insights and solutions, it also presents ongoing challenges that must be navigated carefully. In understanding these dynamics, policymakers can better anticipate future conflicts and respond effectively to shifting geopolitical landscapes.

This created a plethora of anomalies. The concept of geography as a "panacea" suggests that while it offers solutions, it also complicates the understanding of human conflicts and behaviors.