In his book "A History of Spain," Arturo Pérez-Reverte presents a dichotomy outlined by Prat de la Riba, who characterizes Spain as divided into two distinct entities. The first is the peripheral Spain, characterized as vibrant, dynamic, and progressive, embodying a sense of life and energy. This part of Spain reflects cultural diversity and the potential for growth and development.

In contrast, the central Spain is depicted as bureaucratic, stagnant, and lifeless, often referred to as "yerma." This area is associated with rigid structures and a lack of vitality, illustrating the challenges posed by an overly centralized administration. The comparison highlights the tension between the two regions and their differing characteristics in Spain's historical narrative.