Victor Hugo, in "Les Miserables," presents a critical view of prosperity and success, suggesting that much of what is celebrated in society is due to luck rather than merit. He highlights how winning a lottery or being born into wealth grants individuals admiration and respect, regardless of their actual abilities or virtues. This perception fuels a culture where fortune overshadows genuine talent, making it seem that success is predominantly a matter of chance.

The author also comments on the fleeting nature of public admiration, indicating that it often stems from a lack of discernment. Beyond a few exceptional individuals, most accolades are based on superficial accomplishments or sheer luck rather than true greatness. Therefore, Hugo's reflection reminds us that much of society’s assessment of success may be misguided, focusing on fortunate circumstances instead of the inherent value of individuals.