In Robert D. Kaplan's "The Return of Marco Polo's World," he argues that certain decisions made by states may not align with traditional moral standards but are still justified as necessary actions. This perspective challenges the rigid application of conventional morality in state affairs, suggesting that pragmatism sometimes takes precedence over ethical considerations.

Kaplan's viewpoint emphasizes the complexity involved in governance, where leaders must navigate difficult choices that prioritize national interests or security over moral absolutes. This approach encourages a broader understanding of statecraft that allows for actions that, while potentially controversial, serve a greater strategic purpose in the context of real-world challenges.