The notion of Spain as a unified and modern centralized nation is a deceptive one, as suggested by John Dos Passos in "Rosinante to the Road Again." This illusion has led to significant negative outcomes, including a century marked by turmoil and ineffectiveness. The central government imposed its authority over a region characterized by diverse, centrifugal tendencies, which may explain the current stagnation and the lack of meaningful progress in the country.

The text highlights the disconnect between Spain's political structure and its cultural realities. The centralized government, rather than fostering unity and progress, has resulted in disillusionment and a series of unproductive revolutions. This irony underlines the challenges Spain faces as it tries to maintain a cohesive national identity amid its inherently decentralized nature.