The design of stairs consists of three fundamental geometric elements: rise, going, and pitch. The rise refers to the vertical distance between each step, while going defines the step's horizontal depth. Specifically, it measures the space between the front edges, or nosings, of two adjacent steps. These measurements are crucial for ensuring safety and comfort when using stairs.

Additionally, pitch describes the overall angle of the stairway, which influences how steep it feels to users. Understanding these components is essential for architects and builders, as they create functional and aesthetically pleasing staircases that cater to various needs and spaces.