In "The Revenge of Geography," Robert D. Kaplan emphasizes the significance of geography in shaping a state's identity and actions. He argues that a nation's geographical position is a primary determinant of its character and interests, often overriding its governing philosophies. The book explores how physical landscapes and borders influence political dynamics and decision-making, as well as the conflicts that arise from these geographical realities.

Kaplan's work suggests that understanding a state's location on the map is crucial for grasping its strategic decisions and potential future conflicts. He contends that geography not only outlines a country’s strengths and vulnerabilities but also sets the stage for historical patterns of warfare and diplomacy. By analyzing the interplay between geography and politics, Kaplan gives readers insight into the enduring impact of geography on global affairs.