In "Les Miserables," Victor Hugo explores the persistent nature of superstitions and prejudices, likening them to formidable monsters that cling to human life. These deeply ingrained beliefs are difficult to eradicate, requiring constant vigilance and struggle. Hugo emphasizes the need for relentless warfare against these detrimental influences, suggesting that they are a tragic aspect of human existence, one that requires an ongoing battle without respite.

The author highlights the challenge of confronting these 'phantoms' of society, illustrating that striving to overcome ignorance and hatred is akin to grappling with the darkness itself. The metaphor of attempting to grasp shadows underscores the elusive nature of these ingrained beliefs, indicating that, despite our best efforts, they remain resilient and pervasive. In this light, the fight against such ideas is portrayed not just as a personal struggle, but as a universal human endeavor.