During discussions on the annexation of Hawaii, a prominent debate centered on the stark differences between native Hawaiians and mainland Americans. Proponents of annexation argued that the perceived wildness and barbarism of the islanders justified an intervention to civilize and uplift them. They believed that making Hawaii part of the United States was a moral obligation to save and improve the lives of the natives.

In contrast, those against annexation highlighted the potential risks of integrating native Hawaiians into American society. They contended that introducing what they viewed as savage elements to the United States could lead to the corruption of its citizens. This clash of racial ideologies underscored the complexities and contradictions behind the desire for imperialism during that era.