The Hellenistic Age is marked by significant historical events, beginning with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and concluding with Cleopatra's death in 30 BC. This period is characterized by the expansive influence of Greek culture across the regions conquered by Alexander, leading to a blend of eastern and western traditions. Although this era is often associated with Greek accomplishments, it is noted that the Greeks themselves played a diminishing role in these developments.

Stacy Schiff's book on Cleopatra highlights the complexity of the Hellenistic Age, showcasing how the cultural and political landscapes evolved after Alexander's empire. Despite the pervasive influence of Greek culture during this time, it is ironic that the Greeks were not central figures in their own historical narrative. The era is thus defined by a paradox, where Greek heritage thrived but the actual Greek populace receded from prominence in shaping the unfolding history.