Amartya Sen discusses the growing inclination to define individuals through a singular identity, such as being an American, a Muslim, or a Chinese citizen. This narrow perspective imposes external expectations on people, limiting them to one particular duty or allegiance. It reduces the richness of their identities by forcing them into predefined roles dictated by society.

By emphasizing a single identity, this approach disregards the complex realities of personal loyalties and connections to multiple communities. Individuals possess the freedom to choose how to engage with various groups, and this ability is essential to their liberty. Sen argues that recognizing the multiplicity of identities is crucial for justice and understanding in a diverse society.