In "Les Misérables," Victor Hugo illustrates how early humans were deeply afraid of mythical creatures like the hydra, dragons, and griffins. These beings represented the unpredictable and formidable forces of nature that were beyond human control, instilling fear in primitive societies. These creatures symbolize the challenges and dangers that humanity faced in a world filled with mysteries and threats.

However, Hugo emphasizes the power of human ingenuity in overcoming these fears. Through the cleverness and creativity of mankind, people have developed advanced tools and systems that allow them to capture and control what once seemed unbeatable. This shift signifies humanity's ability to conquer fears and dominate their environment, showcasing the triumph of human intelligence over primal terrors.