In Richard Dawkins' book "The God Delusion," the quote by Victor Hugo highlights the contrasting roles of teachers and clergymen in society. The teacher is depicted as a beacon of knowledge and enlightenment, representing the pursuit of learning and understanding. In contrast, the clergyman is seen as an extinguisher, suggesting a dampening of intellectual curiosity or a limiting influence on inquiry and growth. This contrast emphasizes the vital role that educators play in fostering critical thinking.

Dawkins uses this metaphor to critique the influence of religious institutions on education and human thought. He implies that, while teachers ignite passion and curiosity in students, religious figures may often hinder this in the name of faith. The quote encapsulates a broader discussion about the tension between science and religion, as well as the importance of promoting rational thinking and skepticism in the pursuit of knowledge.