In "Les Miserables," Victor Hugo explores the theme of despair as a complex emotion that can unexpectedly lead to triumph. The characters experience a profound sense of hopelessness, yet this very feeling, while seemingly negative, becomes a powerful tool in their struggle. The notion that despair can serve as a weapon highlights the resilience of the human spirit even in dire circumstances.

Hugo references Virgil to emphasize that despair, despite being a last resort, possesses the potential to inspire action and determination. This suggests that in moments of deep suffering, individuals can find an inner strength that may ultimately lead to victory, redefining how one perceives their own challenges and struggles.