In "The Undiscovered Self," C.G. Jung explores the tension between individual existence and collective authority. The mass man views the State as the ultimate authority, believing that individual rights are justified only through their contribution to the State. For him, the State's policies shape thought and action, making personal freedom subordinate to collective will.

Conversely, the believer acknowledges the State's influence but maintains that both humanity and the State are under divine oversight. This perspective prioritizes spiritual principles over state governance, suggesting that, in conflicts, moral and existential decisions ultimately rest with God rather than the State. Jung highlights this dichotomy to illustrate the struggle between individual autonomy and societal obligation.