In Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables," the author emphasizes the critical role of education in combating ignorance within society. He believes that individuals who lack knowledge should receive as much teaching as possible, highlighting society's responsibility to offer free public education. When education is inadequate, society bears the blame for failing its members, leading to a cycle of ignorance and darkness.

Hugo argues that when people remain uninformed, they are more likely to commit sins or wrongful acts. He points out that while the sinful actions may seem to define the guilty party, the true culpability lies with those who perpetuate ignorance and darkness. Thus, the moral obligation falls on society to enlighten its members and prevent ignorance from fostering harmful behavior.