In Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables," the author critiques the mindset of those who attain material wealth and power. He suggests that such individuals experience a false sense of freedom and irresponsibility, believing they can seize various pleasures and positions without moral consequences. This attitude allows them to indulge in unethical actions, pursuing gain through treachery and self-serving decisions.

Hugo emphasizes the emptiness of their triumphs, as these materialistic gains do not bring true fulfillment. Instead, they lead to a superficial existence, where the focus lies on personal profit over ethical integrity. Ultimately, his words highlight the idea that despite their apparent success, these individuals may face moral reckoning as they approach death, leaving them with a hollow sense of accomplishment.