C.S. Lewis in "The Abolition of Man" criticizes the modern educational system that neglects the cultivation of virtue and moral character in individuals. He argues that by focusing purely on intellectual development, society creates individuals who lack moral courage and integrity, akin to making "men without chests." This metaphor highlights the absence of emotional and ethical dimensions that are crucial for true humanity.

Lewis further points out the irony in how we devalue principles like honor, only to be surprised when betrayal arises in society. He suggests that a society without a foundation of shared values faces moral decay, as people are neither equipped nor motivated to act with virtue or take initiative. His critique serves as a warning about the consequences of disregarding moral education in favor of pure rationalism.