The Reformation marked a significant shift in the authority of religious doctrine, as it led to the Bible being regarded as the ultimate spiritual guide, upending the Pope’s long-standing dominance. This transformation was rooted in the belief that individuals should interpret scripture themselves rather than rely on papal interpretation. This change profoundly impacted Christian practices and beliefs across Europe.

In her book "Bible and Sword: England and Palestine from the Bronze Age to Balfour," Barbara W. Tuchman explores how this shift not only influenced religious thought but also had broader implications for governance and society, ultimately shaping modern Christian identities and the relationship between faith and authority.