Placing a black person in control of an essentially apartheid system-whether that system is a city or its welfare apparatus or its public schools-seems to serve at least three functions. It offers symbolism that protects the white society against the charges of racism. It offers enforcement, since a black official is expected to be even more severe in putting down unrest than white officials. It offers scapegoats: When the situation is unchanged, he or she may be condemned, depending on the situation, for corruption or ineptitude or lack of vision, for too much {or for too little} flair or energy or passion.
( Jonathan Kozol )
[ Savage Inequalities: Children ]
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