The protagonist in Kafka's "The Trial" grapples with the overwhelming nature of being accused without clear understanding or reason. His struggle lies in recognizing the need for constant vigilance as an accused individual. He must remain alert, aware of his surroundings, and not let his focus waver, especially when faced with the figure of authority represented by the judge. This vigilance is a desperate attempt to navigate a convoluted and incomprehensible legal system.

Despite his awareness of this fundamental principle, he finds himself repeatedly falling short. The narrative illustrates the tension between the need for self-protection and the absurdity of the situation he faces. The protagonist's constant failure to adhere to this principle symbolizes a larger critique of bureaucracy and the individual's powerlessness within it, highlighting the futility of trying to fend off an illogical and oppressive system.