In "The Amber Spyglass," Philip Pullman reflects on the concepts of good and evil, suggesting that they are not external forces but rather actions performed by individuals. He expresses a shift in belief, recognizing that moral labels do not define people but rather describe their deeds. This perspective emphasizes the complexity of human nature, asserting that people cannot be simply categorized as good or evil.

This understanding promotes a more nuanced view of morality, where the focus is on the consequences of actions rather than simplistic labels. By evaluating deeds based on their impact—helping or hurting others—Pullman encourages a deeper consideration of how we judge ourselves and others, highlighting the intricate motivations and circumstances that influence behavior.