The history of boxing reveals a significant chapter concerning the Negro heavyweight championship, which was active from 1902 to 1932. During this time, many prominent white champions, including legends like John L. Sullivan, Jim Jeffries, and Jack Dempsey, refused to fight black opponents, thereby marginalizing their achievements. This exclusion raises questions about the legitimacy of champions from that period and challenges the authenticity of historical records that reflect the racial biases of the era.

Specifically, in 1925, Jack Dempsey declined to fight Harry Willis, known as "The Black Menace," despite pressure from fans and observers. This refusal illustrates the entrenched racism in the sport, leading to the complex issue of recognizing who genuinely held the title of world champion during those years. Joyce Carol Oates, in her book "On Boxing," provokes thought on the value and impact of such historical narratives that clearly align with the prejudices of their time.