Morgenthau asserts that the global state of affairs is fundamentally shaped by intrinsic aspects of human nature. He draws on Thucydides' observations, highlighting that human behavior is driven by three primary motivations: fear, self-interest, and honor. These elements influence how nations interact and compete in the global arena.

In his discussion, Kaplan emphasizes that understanding these motivations is crucial for interpreting geopolitical dynamics. The interplay of fear, self-interest, and honor helps explain why conflicts arise and how they are perpetuated, illustrating the complexity of international relations that stem from deep-rooted human instincts.