The Civil War had a profound impact on American democracy, leading to significant disruptions in the political landscape. In the 1864 elections, a large portion of states, approximately one-third, did not participate, resulting in many unfilled congressional seats. This absence highlighted the fragmentation and turmoil within the nation. Additionally, President Lincoln took controversial actions that raised questions about the constitutionality of his decisions, such as suspending habeas corpus.

Despite these challenges, the war ultimately led to some progressive actions, including the emancipation of slaves through Lincoln's executive order. After the Union's victory, the government imposed military governance over much of the South, reflecting the ongoing struggles to reintegrate the former Confederacy into the Union. These events underscored the complexities and vulnerabilities within American democracy in times of crisis.