Epictetus teaches that while external events are predetermined by fate and beyond our influence, we can choose how to respond to them. He emphasizes the importance of maintaining a calm and dispassionate attitude toward life's occurrences. In contrast, individuals hold the responsibility for their own actions, which they can regulate through self-discipline and introspection. This understanding helps mitigate suffering, as it stems from attempting to control the uncontrollable or ignoring what we can actually change.

He also advocates for a sense of duty toward fellow humans as part of the interconnected universe. By adhering to these principles of acceptance and self-control, individuals can work towards achieving true happiness. Ultimately, Epictetus inspires readers to focus on their inner life while contributing positively to the collective human experience.