The debate between globalization advocates and traditional realists highlights two contrasting perspectives on human interactions. Proponents of globalization emphasize the connections that bind people across the globe, focusing on shared interests and collective progress. They argue that the world is becoming more interconnected, fostering cooperation and mutual understanding among diverse cultures and nations.

In contrast, traditional realists stress the fundamental divisions among peoples, rooted in geography, culture, and historical contexts. They argue that these divisions can lead to conflicts and rivalries, shaping international relations in ways that globalization advocates may overlook. Robert D. Kaplan’s "The Revenge Of Geography" explores this tension, asserting that geographic factors play a crucial role in determining the fate of nations, impacting their interactions and conflicts.