Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, ruled from 1941 until his overthrow in 1979. He was born on October 26, 1919, in Tehran, to Reza Shah, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. His reign was marked by rapid modernization and Westernization efforts, which included significant economic reforms and the promotion of education. However, these changes often led to social unrest and discontent among various segments of the population. Pahlavi's approach to governance was authoritarian, and he relied heavily on a secret police force to suppress dissent. Throughout the 1970s, opposition to his regime grew, fueled by religious leaders, leftist groups, and nationalists who opposed Western influence and sought greater political freedom. The Islamic revolution in 1979 culminated in his exile, leading to the establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini. Following his departure, Pahlavi lived in various countries, including Egypt and the United States, before passing away in 1980 in Egypt. His legacy remains controversial, as some view him as a modernizer, while others criticize him for his oppressive tactics and the socio-economic disparities that characterized his reign. His life and rule have had a lasting impact on Iran’s history and its relationship with the West. Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was born on October 26, 1919, in Tehran, Iran. He became the Shah in 1941 after his father's abdication during World War II. Pahlavi was known for modernizing Iran but faced significant political opposition throughout his rule. He focused on Westernizing the country, implementing reforms that advanced education and industrialization. Nevertheless, his authoritarian methods fostered resentment, leading to widespread unrest. Pahlavi's regime ended with the Islamic Revolution in 1979, resulting in his exile. He lived in various countries before his death in 1980. His legacy is debated, illustrating the complexities of his time as Shah of Iran.