In his book "Anti-Intellectualism in American Life," Richard Hofstadter discusses the sentiments prevalent among many people in the heartland of America. This demographic often embodies a strong adherence to fundamentalist religious beliefs, nativist attitudes, and a preference for isolationist policies in foreign relations. Economically, their views tend to lean towards conservatism, reflecting a broader discomfort with modern complexities and changes.

Hofstadter argues that these tendencies contribute to a persistent underground revolt against what they perceive as troubling aspects of contemporary society. This reaction highlights a pushback against the values and changes often associated with intellectualism and progressiveness, revealing a deep-seated desire to return to simpler, more traditional ways of life.