当国家分裂为联邦党和共和党时,每一派都用最糟糕的名字称呼对方:“政党”。大多数美国人害怕政党这个想法。他们相信社会应该团结起来实现公共利益,他们谴责政党是一群自私地争夺权力的野心勃勃的人。更糟糕的是,政党对于共和国来说是危险信号。如果政党主导了共和国的政治,那么它的日子就屈指可数了。
(As the nation divided into Federalists and Republicans, each group called the other the worst name possible: "party". Most Americans feared the idea of party; believing that a society should unite to achieve the public good, they denounced parties as groups of ambitious men selfishly competing for power. Worse, parties were danger signals for a republic; if parties dominated a republic's politics, its days were numbered.)