Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were influential thinkers known for their foundational contributions to the ideology of socialism and communism. They co-authored the "Communist Manifesto" in 1848, which laid out their theories about class struggle and the socio-economic dynamics of capitalism. Their ideas advocated for the working class's empowerment and a collective approach to economic resources, opposing the individualistic capitalist system. Marx's focus was primarily on the critique of political economy, where he analyzed the relationships between capital, labor, and production. He argued that capitalism inherently leads to the exploitation of workers and engenders class conflict. His belief was that historical progress stems from these conflicts, ultimately leading to a revolution where the proletariat would rise against the bourgeoisie to establish a classless society. Engels, a close collaborator of Marx, contributed significantly by providing empirical research and support for their theories. Together, they sought to raise awareness about social injustices and to mobilize workers across Europe. Their works continue to inspire a wide range of political movements and theoretical debates surrounding capitalism, class, and economic systems around the world. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist whose ideas formed the basis of Marxism. He believed that societal development is driven by material conditions and class relationships, emphasizing the importance of historical materialism. His writings, particularly the "Capital" and "Communist Manifesto," critique capitalism and advocate for a classless society. Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, and collaborator of Marx. He played a crucial role in developing and disseminating Marxist theory. Engels provided both theoretical and practical support to Marx, and his works, such as "The Condition of the Working Class in England," highlighted the dire circumstances of labor in industrial society, reinforcing the arguments for social change.