Fermat was a French lawyer and mathematician known for his work in number theory and optics. He is most famous for Fermat's Last Theorem, which states that no three positive integers a, b, and c can satisfy the equation a^n + b^n = c^n for any integer value of n greater than 2. This theorem remained unproven for over 350 years and became one of the most famous problems in mathematics until it was resolved by Andrew Wiles in 1994. In addition to his theorem, Fermat made significant contributions to calculus, introducing concepts such as the idea of limits and the foundations of differential calculus, which laid the groundwork for later mathematicians like Newton and Leibniz. His work in probability theory and combinatorics also had a lasting impact on the field. Fermat's approach to mathematics was characterized by his remarkable ingenuity and ability to think abstractly. He often presented his findings in the margins of books, highlighting his preference for informal communication of mathematical ideas. His legacy endures as a foundational figure in modern mathematics. Pierre de Fermat was born in 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France. Raised in a family of lawyers, he pursued a legal career while also delving deeply into mathematics. Despite his formal profession, Fermat's contributions to mathematics were profound. He corresponded with other mathematicians, sharing his insights and theories, notably on number theory. His passion for discovery exemplified the spirit of inquiry that defined the scientific revolution. Fermat passed away in 1665, yet his influence remains significant. His innovative ideas and theorems paved the way for advancements in mathematics and related fields, earning him a place among the greats of this discipline.