Anwar Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 1970 until his assassination in 1981. He played a crucial role in transforming Egyptian society and the political landscape of the Middle East. Sadat initiated significant economic reforms and sought to shift the country away from the strict socialist policies of his predecessor, Gamal Abdel Nasser. He also opened Egypt to foreign investment and tourism, advocating for a more open economy. Sadat is perhaps best known for his bold diplomatic initiative with Israel. In 1977, he made a historic visit to Jerusalem, becoming the first Arab leader to do so. This act marked a turning point in Arab-Israeli relations, leading to the Camp David Accords in 1978, which resulted in a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. This peace was groundbreaking but also made Sadat a controversial figure in the Arab world, leading to mixed reactions from other Arab leaders and nations. Despite his achievements, Sadat faced significant opposition and discontent at home, particularly following his economic policies and the peace treaty with Israel. His decision to sign the treaty was met with anger by some militants, which ultimately culminated in his assassination by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 1981. Sadat’s legacy remains divisive; he is celebrated by some as a visionary leader who sought peace, while others criticize him for his willingness to compromise with Israel.