Saddam Hussein, an influential figure in Iraq's history, served as the country's president from 1979 to 2003. Rising to power through the Ba'ath Party, he became known for his authoritarian regime characterized by oppression, political purges, and human rights violations. Under his leadership, Iraq experienced significant developments but also faced severe challenges, including wars and economic sanctions. His rule was marked by aggressive foreign policy, notably the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s and the invasion of Kuwait in 1990, which led to international condemnation and military intervention by a coalition led by the United States. These conflicts severely strained Iraq's economy and infrastructure, leading to widespread suffering for the Iraqi people. Saddam's regime ended in 2003 when U.S. forces invaded Iraq, resulting in his capture. He was eventually tried for crimes against humanity and executed in 2006, leaving behind a complex legacy that continues to impact Iraq and the broader region. Saddam Hussein was born on April 28, 1937, in Al-Awja, near Tikrit, Iraq. He rose to prominence in the Ba'ath Party, which advocated for Arab nationalism and socialism. His leadership style was marked by strong authoritarianism, and he worked to centralize his power in Iraq. Throughout his rule, Saddam used propaganda and military might to maintain control, suppressing dissent and utilizing fear tactics to eliminate opposition. His decisions significantly shaped Iraq's modern political landscape and regional dynamics. Despite his controversial legacy, Saddam Hussein remains a polarizing figure in Middle Eastern history, seen by some as a defender of Arab nationalism while others view him as a tyrant responsible for immense suffering.