Theodor Herzl was a pivotal figure in the establishment of modern Zionism. Born in 1860 in Budapest, he focused on the need for a Jewish homeland in response to widespread anti-Semitism in Europe. Herzl's experiences and observations, particularly during the Dreyfus Affair in France, propelled him towards advocating for Jewish self-determination. He believed that Jews could only secure their rights and safety through a sovereign state. In 1896, Herzl published "The Jewish State," laying out his vision for a future Jewish nation. His ideas resonated with many Jews, leading to the First Zionist Congress in 1897, which he organized in Basel, Switzerland. This congress marked a significant step towards the creation of the World Zionist Organization and galvanized support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Herzl's efforts were instrumental in raising international awareness and support for the Zionist movement. He traveled extensively to garner political backing, meeting with various leaders, including the Ottoman Sultan and British officials. Though Herzl did not live to see the founding of Israel in 1948, his dream and relentless advocacy laid the groundwork for future generations of Zionists and the eventual realization of a Jewish state. Theodor Herzl is regarded as the father of modern Zionism, advocating for a Jewish homeland in response to rising anti-Semitism in Europe. His key experiences, especially during the Dreyfus Affair, highlighted the urgent need for Jewish self-determination. In 1896, Herzl authored "The Jewish State," which outlined his vision and spurred many Jews to join the movement. He organized the First Zionist Congress in 1897, creating a platform for the Zionist cause and establishing the World Zionist Organization. Herzl's persistent diplomatic efforts to secure international support for a Jewish nation were significant. Although he passed away before Israel's establishment in 1948, his foundational work and vision continue to inspire the Zionist movement today.