Theodor Herzl was a pivotal figure in the establishment of modern Zionism. Born in 1860 in Budapest, he focused on the need for a Jewish homeland in response to widespread anti-Semitism in Europe. Herzl's experiences and observations, particularly during the Dreyfus Affair in France, propelled him towards advocating for Jewish self-determination. He believed that Jews could only secure their rights and safety through a sovereign state. In 1896, Herzl published "The Jewish State," laying...