Nicholas II of Russia, the last Emperor of Russia, ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. His reign was marked by significant events, including the Russo-Japanese War, which resulted in a humiliating defeat for Russia. Nicholas faced growing unrest and discontent among the Russian populace, largely due to poor economic conditions and social inequality. These factors ultimately led to widespread revolts and dissatisfaction with his leadership. Throughout his reign, Nicholas II attempted to modernize Russia while maintaining autocratic control, but his efforts often fell short. The lack of effective reforms led to increasing calls for political change. The First World War exacerbated the already unstable situation, as the Russian military suffered heavy losses, further damaging Nicholas's credibility. This period of turmoil eventually culminated in the revolution that forced him to abdicate the throne. After his abdication, Nicholas II and his family were placed under house arrest. They ultimately faced tragic fates during the Bolshevik revolution. In July 1918, Nicholas II and his family were executed by Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg, marking a definitive end to the Romanov dynasty. His reign and downfall are often viewed as emblematic of the larger struggles facing Russia in the early 20th century, illustrated by the clash between autocracy and the demands for reform. Nicholas II of Russia was born on May 18, 1868, and ascended to the throne in 1894, becoming the last czar of Russia. His reign was characterized by attempts at reform amidst growing social and political unrest, leading to significant conflicts such as the Russo-Japanese War. Ultimately, his inability to adapt to the changing times resulted in his abdication and tragic execution, ending over three hundred years of Romanov rule.