Nikolaas Tinbergen was a renowned ethologist and ornithologist, born in the Netherlands in 1907. He is best known for his pioneering work in animal behavior, which helped establish ethology as a scientific discipline. His research focused on understanding how animals behave in their natural environments and the functions of their behaviors. Throughout his career, Tinbergen developed important concepts such as fixed action patterns and the four questions for studying animal behavior: causation, development, evolution, and function. His experiments and observations provided valuable insights into the instincts and adaptive behaviors of animals, significantly advancing biological sciences. Nikolaas Tinbergen's work earned him numerous accolades, including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, which he shared with Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch. His contributions continue to influence ethology, comparative psychology, and behavioral biology, making him a foundational figure in understanding animal and human behavior.