Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, served from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He is best known for leading the nation through the Civil War, a pivotal conflict that determined the future of the Union and the fate of slavery in America. Lincoln’s leadership was characterized by his commitment to preserving the Union and his efforts in abolishing slavery, which culminated in the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, declaring all slaves in Confederate states to be free. Lincoln’s presidency was marked by significant challenges, including military failures, political opposition, and the moral dilemmas surrounding slavery. He managed to navigate these turbulent waters with a combination of determination, strategic thinking, and a deep sense of empathy. His ability to communicate effectively and to rally support among the public and in Congress helped to keep the Union intact during the most trying times of American history. Beyond his political achievements, Lincoln's legacy is also reflected in his speeches, notably the Gettysburg Address, which emphasized the principles of human equality and the importance of a government "of the people, by the people, for the people." His assassination in 1865 shocked the nation, and he is remembered not only as a great president but also as a symbol of unity, freedom, and justice. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, in a log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. He grew up in a poor family and had little formal education, but he was an avid reader and taught himself many subjects. Later, he became a successful lawyer and entered politics in Illinois, eventually serving in the U.S. House of Representatives. His political career gained prominence when he became a leader in the newly formed Republican Party. Lincoln's leadership during the Civil War and his vision for a united nation transformed him into one of America's most revered figures, leaving a lasting legacy still celebrated today.